How to write a cover letter that gets read

The 4-paragraph structure

1. Hook (2 lines): Why this specific company, right now. Reference something recent — a product launch, a hire, a report they published.
2. Proof (4–5 lines): Your single strongest, most relevant achievement with numbers. Pick the one that maps directly to the job spec.
3. Fit (3–4 lines): Two more skills or projects that match the role's priorities. Don't repeat your CV — connect the dots.
4. Close (2 lines): A confident sign-off with a clear call to action — offer to chat, share a portfolio link or availability.

Opening lines that actually work

• "I've been following [company]'s work on [specific thing] and want to bring my [X years] of [skill] to your team."
• "When I saw the [role] posting, three of your listed priorities matched projects I've delivered in the last 12 months."
• "[Company] is one of the few teams tackling [problem] the right way — here's why I'd be useful."

Mistakes that get cover letters binned

• "To whom it may concern" — find a name, or use "Hi [team] team".
• Restating your CV line by line.
• Talking about what you want instead of what you'll deliver.
• Generic templates with "[Company Name]" left in. It happens more than you'd think.
• Over 400 words. Nobody reads them.